Indus research began 8/15/2025
Updated:1/24/2026
Indus Script Research – Current Status Summary
(Updated to latest evidence set)
1. Scope of Work Completed
A / a / bis variants
Crude vs finished seals
Repeated sign clusters across different catalog pages
Concordance-backed cross-checks (Mahadevan)
2. Major Structural Discoveries
2.1 The Script Is Structured, Not Decorative
Confidence: ~75%
Signs repeat in fixed relative positions
Variants preserve order even when carving quality changes
Damage, truncation, or rotation does not break the sequence logic
This rules out:
random symbolism
purely religious iconography
ad-hoc personal marks
2.2 A True Prefix–Core–Suffix Grammar Exists
Confidence: ~80–85%
Across many independent seals, we consistently observe:
[ PREFIX ] → [ CORE SIGN FAMILY ] → [ TERMINAL / QUALIFIER ]
This structure survives:
different seal sizes
different craftsmen
different time slices
different materials
3. The Count / Quantity System
3.1 Vertical Stroke Clusters = Counts
Confidence: ~75%
Evidence:
Appear overwhelmingly at the left edge
Quantity varies but remains discrete and bounded
Often grouped (suggesting base or sub-base counting)
Never appear as suffixes
Observations:
Groupings such as 4×3 (12) appear plausible
Tick orientation (inside vs outside a “U”) varies without changing function
Count signs co-occur with specific sign families, not randomly
Interpretation:
These are numerical prefixes, likely batch size, units, or allocations
4. The “Fish” Sign Family
4.1 Fish Is a Classifier / Category Marker
Confidence: ~70–75%
Key points:
Appears in the middle position, never leading
Accepts different numeric prefixes
Accepts different terminal signs
Retains identity despite carving variation
Crucially:
It behaves like a noun-class marker, not a word or picture
It is not tied to a single quantity
It is not tied to a single terminal
This is exactly how:
commodity classes
item types
standardized categories
behave in administrative systems
What is not yet claimed:
literal “fish”
phonetic value
5. Terminal / Suffix Signs
5.1 Rightmost Signs Act as Qualifiers
Confidence: ~50–60%
Observed behavior:
Appear consistently at the end
Rarely (if ever) appear alone
Swap while prefix + core remain stable
Likely functions:
status (issued / received / owed)
destination / transaction type
sub-category or processing state
This is still an active hypothesis, but supported by position and substitution behavior.
6. Variant Analysis (A / a / bis)
6.1 Variants Preserve Meaning
Confidence: ~90%
Findings:
A / a / bis seals preserve sign order
Differences correlate with:
carving skill
wear
seal reuse
Not semantic shifts
Conclusion:
Variants are orthographic, not lexical
The system tolerates stylistic noise while preserving structure
7. Directionality & Orientation
7.1 Direction Is Functional, Not Decorative
Confidence: ~70%
Examples:
Animals facing opposite directions while glyph order remains consistent
Ticks and marks flipping inside/outside without breaking count logic
This strongly suggests:
reading direction is encoded
orientation may signal transaction direction (e.g., incoming vs outgoing)
Still under validation, but increasingly plausible.
8. What I Have Not Claimed (Important)
I have not asserted:
phonetic readings
Dravidian / Indo-European mapping
literal pictographic meaning
full decipherment